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Background and Aims
The most available data on the prevalence of cannabis use come from population surveys conducted in high‐income countries in North America, Oceania and Europe. Less is known about the prevalence of cannabis use in Africa. This systematic review aimed to summarize general population‐level cannabis use in sub‐Saharan Africa since 2010.
Methods
A comprehensive search was conducted...
Background and Aims
Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a detrimental impact on health‐related quality of life (QoL). Scale‐up of HCV direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) therapy among people who inject drugs (PWID) is underway in several countries since the introduction of interferon‐free regimens. This study aimed to assess the impact of DAA treatment success on QoL for PWID.
Design...
Aims
When attempting to stop smoking, discrete smoking events (‘lapses’) are strongly associated with a return to regular smoking (‘relapse’). No study has yet pooled the psychological and contextual antecedents of lapse incidence, captured in ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to synthesize within‐person psychological and contextual predictor–lapse...
Background and Aims
The increasing trend in alcohol consumption among women, exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic, is of growing concern. Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment in primary care is an efficacious and cost‐effective treatment approach for unhealthy alcohol use. However, disparities exist in delivery of brief interventions by sex, age and race/ethnicity. This study...
Background and aims
Inhalational misuse of volatile substances has been a significant public health concern because of the risk of sudden death and associated chronic complications such as encephalopathy. The Australian Government released a Consensus‐based clinical practice guideline in 2011 on the management of volatile substance use in Australia, which noted a lack of available data particularly...
Background and Aims
Long‐term harms of cannabis may be exacerbated in adolescence, but little is known about the acute effects of cannabis in adolescents. We aimed to (i) compare the acute effects of cannabis in adolescent and adult cannabis users and (ii) determine if cannabidiol (CBD) acutely modulates the effects of delta‐9‐tetrahydocannabinol (THC).
Design
Randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled,...
Background and Aims
Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death in the United States (US). Research over many decades identifies that its etiology is complex, with risk factors operating in multiple domains. One such risk factor is gambling. Over the past three decades, exposure to gambling has increased dramatically in the United States. The aim of this study was to measure the magnitude of the...
Aims
To create a novel emergency medical service (EMS) opioid‐related incident (ORI) tiering framework to describe more accurately the opioid epidemic in Massachusetts. By classifying the data, we could more accurately detail differing trends among the new categories.
Design
Free‐text fields of Massachusetts EMS reports, from 2013 through 2020, were analyzed to identify ORIs and then categorized...
Background and aims
There are concerns that availability of recreational cannabis dispensaries (RCDs) and point‐of‐sale marketing may lead to increased cannabis use in jurisdictions where cannabis retail sale is legal. This paper examined whether the availability RCDs and the presence of storefront signage indicative of cannabis and signs promoting health benefits in RCDs were associated with cannabis...
Background and Aims
Most alcohol‐dependent people have a moderate level of dependence. General practitioners (GPs) hesitate to engage in this area, and need to have access to treatment they find applicable and feasible to use. The aim of this present study was to test if an open‐ended internet‐based cognitive–behavioral therapy (iCBT) program added to treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) is more effective than...
Background and Aims
Excise taxes represent one of the most cost‐effective policies to reduce the harmful use of alcohol. Existing information about their design is limited and no standardized metric has been used to compare tax levels in the Region of the Americas. This study aimed to compare alcohol excise tax policies throughout the Americas, compare tax levels and consider opportunities to improve...
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